When we talk about PM, we refer to microparticles or particulate matter by its name in English. We usually accompany these initials with the microns of the microparticle, that is, 10, 2.5, or 1 microns. Their danger is derived from the fact that, from 2.5 microns, these microparticles are not retained by the respiratory system’s defense systems, which have several defensive systems to block larger particles (PM), such as the nasal hair that acts as a filter for large particles, trapping them before they can enter the lungs, mucus, and ciliated cells that line the nose, trachea, and bronchi that trap and move particles towards the throat, where they can be eliminated by coughing or swallowing.
These defense systems work together to protect the lungs from larger particles and reduce the risk of lung damage. However, in the case of prolonged exposure or high levels of PM, these defense systems may not be sufficient to prevent lung damage. In the case of PM2.5 particles, they exceed all these defense mechanisms and penetrate the bloodstream, causing multiple health problems without our realizing it.
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